1.3.2 Introduction to the Linux Directory Structure
Linux organizes files using a single hierarchical directory structure, starting from the root directory /.
Unlike some operating systems, Linux does not separate files by physical drives.
Everything is part of one unified directory tree.
Root Directory /
The root directory is the top level of the Linux file system.
All other directories and files exist under /.
/home
The /home directory contains personal directories for users.
It is typically used for:
- User files
- Personal configurations
- Project data
Each user usually has a dedicated subdirectory under /home.
/etc
The /etc directory stores system-wide configuration files.
It commonly includes:
- System settings
- Service configuration files
- Startup-related configurations
Files in /etc are usually text-based and edited by administrators.
/bin
The /bin directory contains essential command binaries.
These programs are required for:
- Basic system operation
- Single-user or recovery modes
Many fundamental system commands are located here.
/usr
The /usr directory contains user-level programs and libraries.
It typically includes:
- Applications
- Shared libraries
- Documentation
Most installed software resides under /usr.
Why This Structure Matters
Understanding the directory structure helps you:
- Know where files are located
- Avoid modifying critical system components unintentionally
- Navigate the system with confidence
📌 Note:
You do not need to memorize every directory now.
Familiarity will come naturally through daily usage.