1.1.1 Numeric Data Types (int / float / complex)

Python provides several built-in numeric data types to represent numbers.
The most commonly used ones are integers, floating-point numbers, and complex numbers.

Understanding numeric data types is essential because they directly affect how calculations are performed and how results are stored.

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Integer (int)

An integer represents whole numbers without a decimal point.

Examples:

• Positive numbers: 1, 42
• Negative numbers: -7
• Zero: 0

Integers in Python can be arbitrarily large and are not limited by fixed sizes.

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Floating-Point Number (float)

A floating-point number represents real numbers with a decimal point.

Examples:

• 3.14
• -0.001
• 2.0

Floating-point numbers are commonly used in scientific and engineering calculations, but they may introduce small precision errors due to how they are stored internally.

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Complex Number (complex)

A complex number consists of a real part and an imaginary part.

Example format:

• a + bj

Examples:

• 3 + 4j
• 1j

Complex numbers are mainly used in advanced mathematics, physics, and signal processing.

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📌 Note:
In most beginner programs, int and float are used far more often than complex.